References

Key references used in compiling the Deep Green digital toolkit. Links open in a new tab.

  1. Ahler, J.R., et al., Benefits and harms of structured outdoor physical activity for people with somatic or mental diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Prev Med, 2024. 183: p. 107966.

  2. Ashby Lavelle Sachs, A. K., Jordan Wrigley, et al. (2024). Connecting through nature: A systematic review of the effectiveness of nature-based social prescribing practices to combat loneliness. Landscape and Urban Planning, 248.

  3. Astell-Burt, T., Hipp, J. A., Gatersleben, B., Adlakha, D., Marselle, M., Olcon, K., . . . Feng, X. (2023). Need and Interest in Nature Prescriptions to Protect Cardiovascular and Mental Health: A Nationally-Representative Study With Insights for Future Randomised Trials. Heart Lung Circ, 32(1), 114-123. doi:10.1016/j.hlc.2022.11.008

  4. Bagnall, A.-M., Freeman C, Southby K. (2019). Social Return on Investment analysis of the health and wellbeing impacts of Wildlife Trust programmes.   Retrieved from https://www.wildlifetrusts.org/sites/default/files/2019-09/SROI%20Report%20FINAL%20-%20DIGITAL.pdf

  5. Bradley, E. (2022). Nature PrescriptionsSupporting the health of people and nature.   A report on the outcomes of an urban pilot of Nature Prescriptions in Edinburgh.   Retrieved from https://www.rspb.org.uk/about-us/annual-report/nature-boosts-health-and-wellbeing

  6. Britton, E., Kindermann, G., Domegan, C., & Carlin, C. (2020). Blue care: a systematic review of blue space interventions for health and wellbeing. Health Promot Int, 35(1), 50-69. doi:10.1093/heapro/day103

  7. Coventry, P. A., Brown, J. E., Pervin, J., Brabyn, S., Pateman, R., Breedvelt, J., . . . White, P. L. (2021). Nature-based outdoor activities for mental and physical health: Systematic review and meta-analysis. SSM Popul Health, 16, 100934. doi:10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100934

  8. de Bell, S., Alejandre, J. C., Menzel, C., Sousa-Silva, R., Straka, T. M., Berzborn, S., . . . Bonn, A. (2024). Nature-based social prescribing programmes: opportunities, challenges, and facilitators for implementation. Environ Int, 190, 108801. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2024.108801

  9. Department of Health and Social Care. (2023). Exploring perceptions of green social prescribing among clinicians and the public.   Retrieved from https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/green-social-prescribing-perceptions-among-clinicians-and-the-public/exploring-perceptions-of-green-social-prescribing-among-clinicians-and-the-public#perceptions-of-green-social-prescribing

  10. Fullama, J., Hunta H, et al (2023). A Handbook for Nature on Prescription to Promote Mental Health.   Retrieved from https://www.ecehh.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/A-Handbook-for-Nature-on-Prescription-to-Promote-Mental-Health_FINAL.pdf

  11. Grantham, R., Whaley, L,. (2023). National green social prescribing delivery capacity assessment: final report.   Retrieved from https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/national-green-social-prescribing-delivery-capacity-assessment/national-green-social-prescribing-delivery-capacity-assessment-final-report

  12. Harrison, H., Burns, M., Darko, N., & Jones, C. (2023). Exploring the benefits of nature-based interventions in socio-economically deprived communities: a narrative review of the evidence to date. Perspect Public Health, 17579139231170768. doi:10.1177/17579139231170768

  13. Leavell, M. A., Leiferman, J. A., Gascon, M., Braddick, F., Gonzalez, J. C., & Litt, J. S. (2019). Nature-Based Social Prescribing in Urban Settings to Improve Social Connectedness and Mental Well-being: a Review. Curr Environ Health Rep, 6(4), 297-308. doi:10.1007/s40572-019-00251-7

  14. Makanjuola, A., Lynch, M., Hartfiel, N., Cuthbert, A., & Edwards, R. T. (2023). Prevention of Poor Physical and Mental Health through the Green Social Prescribing Opening Doors to the Outdoors Programme: A Social Return on Investment Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 20(12). doi:10.3390/ijerph20126111

  15. Masterton, W., Carver, H., Parkes, T., & Park, K. (2020). Greenspace interventions for mental health in clinical and non-clinical populations: What works, for whom, and in what circumstances? Health Place, 64, 102338. doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2020.102338

  16. Masterton, W., Park, K., Carver, H., & Parkes, T. (2021). Greenspace programmes for mental health: A survey study to test what works, for whom, and in what circumstances. Health Place, 72, 102669. doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2021.102669

  17. Mitchell, R. a. F., B. . (Nov 2022). Green Health Partnerships in Scotland – evaluation of the first three years.   Retrieved from https://www.nature.scot/doc/green-health-partnerships-scotland-evaluation-first-three-years

  18. Mughal R., S. H., Polley M., Sabey A. & Chatterjee H.J. (2022). How the natural environment can support health and wellbeing through social prescribing.   Retrieved from https://socialprescribingacademy.org.uk/media/zakn0rng/how-the-natural-environment-can-support-health-and-wellbeing-through-social-prescribing_.pdf

  19. NatureScot & NHS Scotland. (2023). Scotland’s outdoors. Our Natural Health Service.   Retrieved from https://www.nature.scot/sites/default/files/2020-04/Our%20Natural%20Health%20Service%20leaflet%20-%20April%202020.pdf

  20. Nguyen, P. Y., Astell-Burt, T., Rahimi-Ardabili, H., & Feng, X. (2023). Effect of nature prescriptions on cardiometabolic and mental health, and physical activity: a systematic review. Lancet Planet Health, 7(4), e313-e328. doi:10.1016/S2542-5196(23)00025-6

  21. Public Health Scotland. (2020). Improving access to greenspace. A new review for 2020. Public Health England Retrieved from https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/904439/Improving_access_to_greenspace_2020_review.pdf.

  22. Rigolon, A., Browning, M., McAnirlin, O., & Yoon, H. V. (2021). Green Space and Health Equity: A Systematic Review on the Potential of Green Space to Reduce Health Disparities. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 18(5). doi:10.3390/ijerph18052563

  23. Robertson, G., Cook, A. (2022). Midlothian Green Health Prescribing Project. Retrieved from https://greenhealth.nhslothiancharity.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2023/03/Midlothian-Green-Prescribing-Evaluation-Report-final-compressed.pdf

  24. Robinson, J. M., Jorgensen, A., Cameron, R., & Brindley, P. (2020). Let Nature Be Thy Medicine: A Socioecological Exploration of Green Prescribing in the UK. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17(10). doi:10.3390/ijerph17103460

  25. Seers H, M. R., Chatterjee H, . (2022). Links between natural environments and physical health. Natural England Evidence Information Note EIN065
    Retrieved from https://publications.naturalengland.org.uk/publication/4973580642418688.

  26. Twohig-Bennett, C., & Jones, A. (2018). The health benefits of the great outdoors: A systematic review and meta-analysis of greenspace exposure and health outcomes. Environ Res, 166, 628-637. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2018.06.030

  27. Frost H, Tooman T, Hawkins K, et al. Green social prescribing: challenges and opportunities to implementation in deprived areas. Br J Gen Pract 2023;73(733):342-43. doi: 10.3399/bjgp23X734409

  28. Green and social prescribing: Green Nature and Wellbeing; 2023 [Available from: https://gnaw.wales/green-and-social-prescribing/ accessed 27-6-23.

  29. NatureScot & NHS Scotland. Scotland’s outdoors. Our Natural Health Service 2023 [Available from: https://www.nature.scot/sites/default/files/2020-04/Our%20Natural%20Health%20Service%20leaflet%20-%20April%202020.pdf accessed 1/6/23.

  30. NHS England. Green social prescribing 2023 [Available from: https://www.england.nhs.uk/personalisedcare/social-prescribing/green-social-prescribing/ accessed 23/5/23.

  31. Northern Ireland environment link. Social Prescribing Toolkit 2023 [Available from: https://www.nienvironmentlink.org/projects/social-prescribing-toolkit/ accessed 27/6/23.

  32. Haywood A, Dayson, C, Garside, R, Foster, A, Lovell, R, Husk, K, Holding, E, Thompson, J, Shearn, K, Hunt, H.A, Dobson, J, Harris, C, Jacques, R, Witherley, D, Northall, P, Baumann, M, Wilson, I. . National Evaluation of the Preventing and Tackling Mental Ill Health through Green Social Prescribing Project: Final Report. UK: DEFRA; 2024 [Available from: https://www.shu.ac.uk/centre-regional-economic-social-research/publications/gsp-final-report-march-2021-to-june-2023 accessed 10/10/24.